![]() Actually, we have a large prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency among adolescents and women of reproductive age most of these adolescents will become pregnant and then vitamin D deficiency will play a negative role on the foetal programming of next generations. In fact, maternal and cord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) are highly correlated in terms of supporting the importance of this vitamin for foetal development. The foetus depends on the maternal supply of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus, which is transmitted across the placenta. Risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency are well described, and include ethnicity, extensive skin covering, liberal use of sun protection, overweight/obesity, low dietary vitamin D intake, and smoking, in addition to the seasonal variation that is observed at temperate latitudes. Maternal vitamin D insufficiency during pregnancy is a common issue and a significant public health problem at the global level. Key Messages: Clinically, by understanding the effects of vitamin D on perinatal outcomes, we could individualize antenatal counselling regarding vitamin D supplementation to ensure vitamin D repletion without increasing the risk of foetal hypercalcemia. Interventional studies have also evaluated the effect of vitamin D for reduction on preterm birth and asthma programming. The importance of vitamin D during pregnancy for maintaining maternal calcium homeostasis and therefore for foetal bone development is well recognized major discussions are in progress regarding the potential maternal detrimental effects on pregnancy outcomes, foetal development, and the long-term health of children. Moreover, 1,25(OH) 2D can also be synthesized within the placenta to regulate placental metabolism. 25(OH)D readily crosses the placenta and it is activated into 1,25(OH) 2D by foetal kidneys. Summary: The foetus depends fully on maternal 25(OH)D supply. Since evidence is lacking regarding the appropriate cut-off points to define vitamin D status during pregnancy, references used to establish the intake recommendations and vitamin D content of prenatal vitamin supplements are quite conservative. Remaining unexposed to the sun to reduce melanoma cancer risk, current lifestyle with less out door activities, and increasing obesity rates, which in turn increases the storage of vitamin D in the adipose tissue, are presumably factors that contribute to the substantial upsurge in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in humans. ![]() ![]() Background: To what extent does the circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) concentration help to meet the physiological needs of humans is an ongoing subject of debate.
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